Update CI to use newer python versions

[mattkjames7]

• Build and test packages for Python versions 3.10 - 3.13
• Added test for Fedora 41
• Updated Ubuntu to 24.04 and 22.04
• Updated Windows to 2022 and 2025
• Updated Mac OS to 14 and 15
• Breaking for Linux and Windows users with Python <= 3.6
• Breaking for Mac OS users with Python <= 3.8

TODO:

• Add testing to mac builds <- this can't currently be done
• Split into reusable workflow
• New workflow for updating docs
• Release workflow and test workflow to call reusable build and test workflow
• Add PyPI upload to release workflow
• Add source dist for platforms not covered by CI
• Add test option to release workflow

[colinbarry]

Approved. I flagged a few very minor things which are probably correct, but stood out as being worth a final check by you before merge.